easechemistry

Phenol( C6H5OH) is an aromatic compound.In phenol OH group is attached to the benzene ring. As we define an acid is a species that ionizes its H+ (proton) easily.  The acidic ability of phenol comes due to its ability to ionize H+ and production of phenoxide - phenoxide is a conjugate base of phenol and stabilizes by its resonating structures. we know that an acid will be stronger if it produces a stable conjugate base. ionization of phenol occurs by following chemical equation. A phenoxide (conjugate base) is formed which is a stable ion as electrons on the oxygen is not localized on the oxygen atom alone rather become delocalized on entire benzene ring , which make the phenoxide stable and give considerable acidic property to phenol. Phenol is recognizably acidic can be justify by reaction of phenol( C6H5OH) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Phenol is weak acid and NaOH is strong base this reaction gives sodium phenoate (salt) and water. this is weak acid and strong base reaction and giv

Inductive effect is a phenomenon in which  sigma bond electrons attract more towards the electron withdrawing atom or group and create a permanent pole. A whole frame shift of sigma bond electrons occurs as shown below. INDUCTIVE EFFECT in ethyl chloride Keep remember that frame shift of pi bond  electrons is known as electromeric . INDUCTIVE EFFECT ON ACIDITY & BASICITY. There are two types of groups can attach with carbon chain R, electron withdrawing group  and  electron donating group.  In  general, when an electron withdrawing group is attached then it awards more acidity( Strong acid) to molecule as electron withdrawing group snatch more electronic cloud and make it easy to ionize proton H+. Remember a specie  with more ability to ionize H+ is more acidic and in contrary, if electron donating group is attached to carbon chain it will release Electronic cloud and more tightly attach the H+ make it diffcult to ionize hence such molecule will have low acidity( Weak acid). Let&#

A strong acid offers easement in release of proton ( H+).  A weak bond between proton and conjugate base and stable conjugate base offers more Strength to organic acids. Hence, Organic acids strength depend on the  stability of conjugate bases of those acids. Stability of conjugate base depends on following factors: Electronegativity Hybridization Inductive effect Size of conjugate base on which electrons stay In case of acetic acid CH3 COOH, methyl group is electron donating group, hence offer proton to tightly bond with conjugate base acetate ( CH3COO-) and H+ don't get detach from acetate (CH3COO- ) easily . That's why CH3COOH acetic acid is weak acid.  On the other hand in formic acid( HCOOH) , Hydrogen is not enough electron donating atom, make it easy for H+ to get ionize.  That's why, Formic acid HCOOH is stronger acid than acetic acid ( CH3COOH).

Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons in atomic shells (also called orbits or energy levels) and subshells (also called orbitals and sub energy levels) . Electron configuration is written in standard notation  which shows shell number, subshell of that shell and number of electrons as superscript as given below. 1s 2 Coefficient 1 showing n=1 i.e “K” S showing subshell Superscript 2 is showing number of electrons 1s2 notation is telling us that "s" subshell of K (n=1) shell is having 2 electrons.  In Electron configuration electron containing subshells with number of electrons present in it, are placed in standard sequence( increasing energy level). Firstly we take detail review of shells and subshells.  Shells: Shells are major energy pathways around the nucleus in which electrons revolve. The maximum number of electrons present in a shell is determined by principal quantum number (n). Number of electrons in a shell are calculated by a formula 2