easechemistry

Q: Why cation is smaller than its parent atom ? An atom has equal number of positive protons and negative electrons. This atom becomes cation after losing one or more electrons.Due to this imbalance between negative charge electrons and positive charge protons. Protons in Nucleus exerts more force of attraction on electronic shells. As a result cation becomes smaller than its parent atom. for example if we take Na atom it has 11 electrons in shells and 11 protons in nucleus. To become cation, Na loses its one electron from outermost shell. So one electron become less than proton , so more force of attraction exerts on electrons and size of cation becomes small. Q: Why anion is greater than its parent atom? An atom has equal number of positive protons and negative electrons. Atom becomes anion after gaining one or more  electrons. Due to this imbalance between negative charge electrons and positive charge protons.Nuclear charge ( charge due to protons) exerts less at...

https://youtu.be/I-01PNEakZg  ( How to calculate oxidation number/state of elements in neutral compound and polyatomic ions? Oxidation Number/ Oxidation State: Definition : Oxidation number or oxidation state is apparent charge on element in a compound or polyatomic ion. Explanation:  oxidation number or state of certain elements are assigned by following rules. Oxidation number or state of elemental forms like H2, O2, P4, S8 Cu, Al etc are always "zero" Elements of IA(Alkali metals) group is always +1 Element of IIA (Alkaline earth metals) is always +2 Elements of VIIA (halogen) is usually -1.Positive if attached to oxygen. Florine is always -1.  Oxygen in normal oxide is -2 (in peroxide is -1) Hydrogen is +1 attached with non metal and -1 when attached with metals. The sum of all the oxidation number of all atoms in a neutral compound is "Zero" The sum of all the oxidation number of all atoms in a polyatomic ion is equal to change o...

Ionic bond Formation: In ionic bond formation cation ( formed from metal atom) which is formed by lose of electron/s and gets positive charge  gets attached  to anion (formed from non-metal) by electrostatic force of attraction. Anion is formed by accepting that/those electron/s donating by cation. in case of ionic bond there is no bond by electrons rather opposite charged ions are attached just due to opposite charges. Here we will understand the ionic bond formation by sodium chloride (NaCl) . Sodium ion (Na+)Formation : Sodium(Na) is an atom being atom it is neutral. Its atomic number is 11 means it contains 11 protons in nucleus and 11 electrons in shells. Its valence shell (outer most shell which determine valency) has one electron as shown in the figure. to get stable by octet rule it loses  its one electron from its valence shell and get configuration of nearest nobel gas i.e neon(Ne) as shown in figure Sodium ion Na+ Formation Chloride ion(Cl- i...

Chemical Specie (Ion): Ion is one of the among chemical species like atoms, molecules, free radical, and molecular ions.   Ions are charged particles, containing either positive charge or negative charge. Positive charge ion is known as Cation and Negative ion is known as A nion. Cations ( Positive ions):  These are formed when an atom (neutral particle) release one or more electrons from its outer most and get positive charge like Na+, Mg+2, Al+3 etc. Sodium ion Na+ formation( A cation):  Sodium(Na) is an atom being atom it is neutral. Its atomic number is 11, it contains 11 protons in its nucleus and 11 electrons in its shells. Its valence shell (outer most shell which determine valency) has one electron as shown in the figure. To get stable by octet rule it loses  its one electron from its valence shell and get configuration of nearest nobel gas i.e neon(Ne) as shown in figure Sodium ion formation How does cation get positive ch...